The US occupied and reclaimed the island in 1935 until it was abandoned in 1942 during World War II. The UK annexed the island in 1889, but never carried out plans for further exploitation. Jarvis Island: First discovered by the British in 1821, the uninhabited island was annexed by the US in 1858, but abandoned in 1879 after tons of guano had been removed. The island was established as a National Wildlife Refuge in 1974. The famed American aviatrix Amelia EARHART disappeared while seeking out Howland Island as a refueling stop during her 1937 round-the-world flight Earhart Light, a day beacon near the middle of the west coast, was named in her memory. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization began on this island, similar to the effort on nearby Baker Island, but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned. Both US and British companies mined for guano deposits until about 1890. Howland Island: Discovered by the US early in the 19th century, the uninhabited atoll was officially claimed by the US in 1857. In 1935, a short-lived attempt at colonization began on this island but was disrupted by World War II and thereafter abandoned.
They sustain many endemic species including corals, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, seabirds, water birds, land birds, insects, and vegetation not found elsewhere.īaker Island: The US took possession of the island in 1857, and its guano deposits were mined by US and British companies during the second half of the 19th century. These remote refuges are the most widespread collection of marine- and terrestrial-life protected areas on the planet under a single country's jurisdiction. Midway Atoll NWR has been included in a Refuge Complex with the Hawaiian Islands NWR and also designated as part of Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument. All of the following US Pacific island territories except Midway Atoll constitute the Pacific Remote Islands National Wildlife Refuge Complex and as such are managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service of the US Department of the Interior.
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